What is a sigmoidoscopy?
Sigmoidoscopy is the minimally invasive medical examination of the large intestine from the rectum through to the nearest part of the colon, the sigmoid colon. There are two types of sigmoidoscopy: flexible sigmoidoscopy, which uses a flexible endoscope, and rigid sigmoidoscopy, which uses a rigid device. Dr Keegan usually performs flexible sigmoidoscopy.
When is sigmoidoscopy performed?
A sigmoidoscopy can help diagnose diarrhoea, abdominal pain, constipation, polyps or bleeding. A sigmoidoscopy may also be used to take a tissue sample or biopsy. It can be used to remove polyps or haemorrhoids (swollen veins in your rectum and anus). It is also a screening test for colon cancer and rectal cancer.
This medical procedure allows doctors to examine the inside of the rectum and the lower part of the colon (large bowel) for signs of illness. It may be used to follow up issues identified in the rectum or low colon during a prior colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy.
Your doctor may have other reasons to recommend a sigmoidoscopy. If a sigmoidoscopy shows polyps, a colonoscopy may be advised as the next step to examine the remainder of the colon.
How is it performed?
A sigmoidoscopy is performed using a thin, flexible tube called a sigmoidoscope. The tube has a tiny light and a camera. The tube is put into your anus and moved slowly through your rectum into the lower part of your colon. This allows your gastroenterologist to view the images on a screen. The tube is used to blow air into your colon, which makes the colon swell up a bit to improve visibility.
How do I prep for it?
On the day of your procedure, you will be asked to fast and have an enema before the procedure to empty your rectum. In some situations other measures may be advised. You will asked to lie on your left side with your knees bent towards your chest and an anaesthetist will give you medications so that you are asleep and comfortable. You may feel some mild discomfort or pressure during the procedure, but it should not be painful. Afterward, you may feel bloated or have some mild cramping or discomfort. These symptoms should resolve within a few hours, especially after passing wind. If you have symptoms that are more significant or do not pass quickly, these should be discussed with your gastroenterologist
